Effect of Biochar and Process Water Derived from the Co-Processed Sewage Sludge and Food Waste on Garden Cress’ Growth and Quality

Very little is known about how products derived from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal waste affect availability and uptake nitrogen in plant nutrition. This study examined effects 60% sewage sludge 40% food HTC products, i.e., biochar (BC) process water (PW), as sources on garden cress growth quality. A fertilization program using four doses [(control), 9, 12, 15 kg da−1 N] BC, PW, chemical (CN), their combinations were used a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions. The highest dose often produced better results terms Additionally, with PW+CN BC+CN at significantly improved height, fresh dry weight, root weight parameters over previous treatments. stem diameter, number leaves, area values obtained N PW+BC application. vitamin C content decreased increasing levels CN. was PW fertilization. BC+PW CN applications chlorophyll a, b, total contents leaves. Moreover, nitrate (NO3) concentration increased while it all BC administrations. yielded agricultural utilization efficiency (ANUE) values. Plant nutrient positively affected applications, except for Na Cl. However, determined that fertilizer application uptake. Surprisingly, treatment lowest dosage resulted soil organic matter content. In conclusion, has been have synergistic effect to increase by improving efficiency, but alone without insufficient meet requirement.